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Roadway and Traffic Safety References
Books- Manuals- Handbooks- Articles- Publications John C. Glennon, D. Engr., D.E. January 2004 For anyone interested in the safety aspects of roadway design, construction, maintenance, and traffic control, the most authoritative sources are found in the publications of the following organizations: FHWA. The Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.Of these organizations, the AASHTO publications are the most important when discussing design issues, the FHWA publications are most important when dealing with traffic control issues, and the ITE, TRB, and state publications cover a broad range of subjects that relate to roadway safety. Roadway Design AASHTO, founded in 1914, has promulgated formal roadway design standards since 1940. Generally accepted roadway design standards prior to 1940 can be found both in the textbooks of the time and some of the early annual proceedings of the predecessor American Association of Highway Officials (AASHO). Although the more current AASHTO design policies have disclaimers that say the publications do not represent standards, these AASHTO publications not only continue to reflect current thinking about both minimally acceptable and desirable roadway design dimensions, but also they are recognized worldwide as the best definition of good roadway design practice. Roadway Maintenance Defined as the care of existing roadbeds, pavements, signs, markings, signals, and other existing safety devices, roadway maintenance is discussed in most major roadway references. This subject is most clearly addressed in the 1999 AASHTO Maintenance Manual and the 2000 Roadway Maintenance Manual of the American Public Works Association (APWA). Traffic Control Devices The FHWA is the caretaker of standards for traffic control devices including signs, signals, and markings. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is part of Title 23 of the U.S. Code and requires all states to adopt its provisions to insure the uniform application of traffic control devices on all public roadways. Some states adopt the national MUTCD by legislative reference; other states prepare their own MUTCDs, usually replicating the national manual but with added specificity. The most recent full edition of the MUTCD was published in 2001. The previous edition of the MUTCD was in 1988, with an additional revision of Part VI, on construction and maintenance work zones published in 1993.. In addition to specifying the uniform application of traffic signs, signals, and markings on all public roads, the MUTCD covers the special location topics of work zones, rail-highway grade crossings, pedestrian and school crossings, and bikeways. The Traffic Control Devices Handbook (TCDH), published in 2001 by FHWA, is a special adjunct to the MUTCD. Its intent is to lend clarity to the application of the MUTCD standards, with particular focus on the engineering studies required for the proper application of traffic control devices. The Traffic Engineering Handbook, published by ITE, is also a major source of information about the application of traffic control devices as well as roadway design principles. Work Zone Safety The two major sources dealing with the operation of construction, maintenance and utility work zones are the FHWA publications Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and the Traffic Control Devices Handbook. Roadside Safety This important safety concern is covered widely by many publications of TRB. With regard to standard applications, two particular AASHTO publications are important. The 2001 Roadside Design Guide is the most recent attempt to codify the definition of roadside clear zones and the application of roadway guardrail, bridge rails, median barriers, crash cushions, and breakaway signs and light posts. Earlier editions of this guide were published in 1989 and 1996. The predecessor of this document was the 1977 Guide for Selecting, Locating, and Designing Traffic Barriers. Another historically important document by AASHTO was the 1967 publication Highway Design and Operating Practices Related to Highway Safety. FHWA released follow-up publications in 1968, 1973, and 1978 with the title, Handbook of Highway Safety Design and Operating Practices. Rail-Highway Grade Crossing Safety Four documents are particularly useful when analyzing the safety of rail-highway crossings. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) defines the use and application of advance warning signs, crossbucks, flashing signals, and crossing gates. The Traffic Control Devices Handbook, (TCDH) adds considerable specificity to the MUTCD. The FHWA Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook is the most comprehensive treatment of grade crossing safety, including the recommendations for minimum safe sight triangles. The TCDH and the AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of Streets and Highways also give dimensions for minimum safe sight triangles at grade crossings. AUTHORATATIVE ROADWAY AND TRAFFIC SAFETY REFERENCES
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, "A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets," 1984, 1990, 1994, 2001.American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, "Roadside Design Guide," 1989, 1996, 2001. American Association of State Highway Officials, "Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges," Various chronological editions. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, "Guide Specifications for Bridge Railings," 1989. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, "Guide for Selecting, Locating, and Designing Traffic Barriers," 1977. American Association of State Highway Officials, "A Policy on Design of Urban Highways and Arterial Streets," 1973. American Association of State Highway Officials, "A Policy on Design Standards for Stopping Sight Distance," 1970. American Association of State Highway Officials, Highway "Design and Operating Practices Related to Highway Safety," 1967. American Association of State Highway Officials, "A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural Highways," 1965. American Association of State Highway Officials, "A Policy on Arterial Highways in Urban Areas, 1957. American Association of State Highway Officials, "A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural Highways," 1954. American Association of State Highway Officials, "A Policy on Sight Distances for Highways," 1940. American Association of State Highway Officials, "A Policy on Intersections at Grade," 1940. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, "AASHTO Maintenance Manual," 1999. American Public Works Association, "Roadway Maintenance Manual," 2000. Federal Highway Administration, "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)." Federal Highway Administration, "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Part 6, Standards and Guides for Traffic Controls for Street and Highway Construction, Maintenance, Utility, and Incident Management Operations," Revision 3 of the 1988 Edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, September 3, 1993. Federal Highway Administration, "Traffic Control Devices Handbook." Federal Highway Administration. "Handbook of Highway Safety Design and Operating Practices." 1968, 1973 and 1978 Institute of Transportation Engineers, "Traffic Engineering Handbook," 5th ed., James L. Pline, ed., 1999. Institute of Transportation Engineers, "The Traffic Safety Toolbox", 1999. B. H. Tustin et. al., "Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook," Federal Highway Administration, 1986. ROADWAY DESIGN SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.A. H. Blanchard and H. B. Drowne, "Textbook on Highway Engineering," 1st ed., 1914. T. R. Agg, "Construction of Roads and Pavements," 1st ed., 1916. T. R. Agg, "Construction of Roads and Pavements," 3rd ed., 1924. C. C. Wiley, "Principles of Highway Engineering," 2nd ed., 1935. John C. Glennon, "Common Topics in Roadway Defect Cases," www.johncglennon.com/papers.cfm?PaperID=14, 2003. Iowa State University, "Highway Design: Selected Historical References," 1984. John C. Glennon and Douglas W. Harwood, "Highway Design Consistency and Systematic Design Related to Highway Safety, Transportation Research Record No. 693, 1978. Federal Highway Administration, "Roadway Lighting Handbook," 1978. Federal Highway Administration, "Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Features," 1992. Federal Highway Administration, "Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Traffic Control and Roadway Elements," 1982. Federal Highway Administration, "Handbook of Highway Safety Design and Operating Practice," 1968, 1973, and 1978. John C. Glennon, "The Desirability of Highway Design for Operating Speeds Above 70 MPH, Proceedings, Institute of Traffic Engineers, 1970. G. J. Alexander and H. Lunenfeld, "Positive Guidance in Traffic Control," Federal Highway Administration, 1975. G. J. Alexander and H. Lunenfeld, "Driver Expectancy in Highway Design and Traffic Engineering," Federal Highway Administration, 1983. H. Lunenfeld and G. J. Alexander, "A User's Guide to Positive Guidance," Federal Highway Administration, 1990. John C. Glennon, et. al., "Technical Guidelines for the Control of Direct Access to Arterial Highways," Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-RD-76-87, 1975. John C. Glennon, "Design and Traffic Control Guidelines for Low-Volume Rural Roads," NCHRP Report 214, Transportation Research Board, 1979. John C. Glennon, et. al., "HVOSM Studies of Highway Cross Slope Design," Federal Highway Administration, 1983. John C. Glennon, et. al., "HVOSM Studies of Cross-Slope Break on Highway Curves," Federal Highway Administration, 1981. Raymond R. McHenry, et. al., "Follow-Up HVOSM Studies of Highway Curb Impacts," Federal Highway Administration, 1981.. ROADWAY CURVE SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.John C. Glennon, "State of the Art Related to Safety Criteria for Highway Curve Design," Research Report 134-4, Texas Transportation Institute, 1969. John C. Glennon, "Evaluation of Safety Criteria Employed in Highway Curve Design," Research Report 628-1, Texas Transportation Institute, 1969. K. H. Schulze and L. Blackman, "Friction Properties of Pavements at Different Speeds," Special Technical Publication No. 326, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1962. Jaakko K. Kihlberg and K. J. Tharp, "Accident Rates as Related to Design Elements of Rural Highways," NCHRP Report 47, Highway Research Board, 1968. C. E. Billion and W. R. Stohner, "A Detailed Study of Accidents as Related to Highway Shoulders", Proceedings, Highway Research Board, 1957. V. F. Babkov and W. Coburn, "Road Design and Traffic Safety, Traffic Engineering and Control", September 1968. W. C. Taylor and T. J. Foody, "Curve Delineation and Accidents," Ohio Department of Highways," 1968. John C. Glennon, T. R. Neuman and J. E. Leisch, "Safety and Operational Considerations for Design of Rural Highway Curves," Federal Highway Administration, 1983. Kansas Department of Transportation, "Handbook of Traffic Control Practices for Low Volume Rural Roads," 1981. John C. Glennon, "Effect of Alinement on Highway Safety," State-of-the-Art Report 6, Transportation Research Board, 1987. John C. Glennon, "Effect of Alinement on Highway Safety: A Synthesis of Prior Research," Transportation Research Board, 1985. John C. Glennon, T. R. Neuman, and B. G. McHenry, "Prediction of the Sensitivity of Vehicle Dynamics to Highway Curve Geometrics Using Computer Simulation," Transportation Research Record 923, 1983. John C. Glennon and Graeme D. Weaver, "Highway Curve Design for Safe Vehicle Operations, Highway Research Record 371, 1972. John C. Glennon and Graeme D. Weaver, "The Relationship of Vehicle Paths to Highway Curve Design," Research Report No. 134-5, Texas Transportation Institute, 1971. Carroll J. Messer, et. al., "Highway Geometric Design Consistency Related to Driver Expectancy," Federal Highway Administration, 1981. T. R. Neuman, J. C. Glennon and J. B. Saag, ?Accident Analysis for Highway Curves, Transportation Research Record 923, 1983. Kenneth Perchonak, et. al., "Methodology for Reducing the Hazardous Effects of Highway Features and Roadside Objects," Federal Highway Administration, 1978. C. V. Zeeger, et. al. "Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Feature, Vol. 2: Alignment," Federal Highway Administration, 1992. John C. Glennon, "Thoughts on a New Approach for Signing Roadway Curves," www.crashforensics.com/papers.cfm?PaperID=18, January 2003. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.James H. Kell and Iris J. Fullerton, "Manual of Traffic Signal Design," Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1982, 1998. Federal Highway Administration, "Handbook of Highway Safety Design and Operating Practice," 1968, 1973, and 1978. Federal Highway Administration, "Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Traffic Control and Roadway Elements," 1982. John C. Glennon, "The MUTCD at Court, Proceedings, Institute of Transportation Engineers. I. J. Fullerton, "Roadway Delineation Practice Handbook," Federal Highway Administration, 1981. John C. Glennon, "Design and Traffic Control Guidelines for Low-Volume Rural Roads," NCHRP Report 214, Transportation Research Board, 1977. H. W. McGee and D. L. Mace, "Retroreflectivity of Roadway Signs for Adequate Visibility: A Guide," Report No. FHWA-5A-88-050, Federal Highway Administration, 1988. John C. Glennon, "Need for Centerline Markings on Low-Volume Rural Roads" NCHRP Program, Transportation Research Board, 1983. Kansas Department of Transportation, "Handbook of Traffic Engineering Practices for Small Cities,"1983. Kansas Department of Transportation, "Handbook of Traffic Control Devices for Low-Volume Rural Roads,"1981. ROADWAY WORK ZONE SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.Federal Highway Administration, "Federal Aid Highway Program Manual," Vol. 6, Ch. 4, Sec. 2, Subsec. 12, October 1978, amended July 1, 1982. Federal Highway Administration, "Synthesis of Highway Safety Research Related to Traffic Control and Roadway Elements," Vol. 2, Federal Highway Administration, 1982. J. L. Graham, J. D. Migletz and J. C. Glennon, "Guidelines for the Application of Arrowboards in Construction Zones," Federal Highway Administration, 1979. J. L. Graham, R. J. Paulsen and J. C. Glennon, "Accident Analysis of Highway Construction Zones," Transportation Research Record 693, 1978. J. L. Graham, R. J. Paulsen and J. C. Glennon, "Accident and Speed Studies in Construction Zones," Federal Highway Administration, 1977. Highway Research Board, "Traffic Control for Freeway Maintenance," Synthesis Report 1, 1969. E. C. Noel, et. al., "Work Zone Traffic Management Synthesis," Federal Highway Administration, 1989. R. J. Paulsen, et al., "State of Traffic Safety in Highway Construction Zones," Transportation Research Record 693, 1978. ROADSIDE SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.John A. Blatnik, "Roadside Hazards: The Need for Highway Safety Consciousness," Eno Foundation for Highway Traffic Control, 1968. Center for Auto Safety, "The Yellow Book Road: The Failure of America?s Roadside Safety Program: Report," Center for Auto Safety, 1974. K. A. Stonex, "Roadside Design for Safety, Proceedings, Highway Research Board," 1960. J. W. Hutchinson and T. W. Kennedy, "Safety Consideration in Median Design," Highway Research Record 162, Highway Research Board, 1966. J. C. Glennon and C. J. Wilton, "Effectiveness of Roadside Safety Improvements," Report No. FHWA-RD-75-23, Federal Highway Administration, 1974. John C. Glennon, "Roadside Safety Improvement Programs on Freeways: A Cost-Effectiveness Priority Approach," NCHRP Report 148, Transportation Research Board, 1974. K. Perchonok et. al., "Hazardous Effects of Highway Features and Roadside Objects," Report No. FHWA-RD-78-202, Federal Highway Administration, 1978. Graeme D. Weaver, Eugene L. Marquis and Robert M. Olson, "Selection of Safe Roadside Cross Sections," NCHRP Report No. 158, Transportation Research Board, 1975. C. V. Zeeger et. al., "Safety Effects of Cross-Section Design for Two-Lane Roads," Report No. FHWA-RD-87-008, Federal Highway Administration, 1987. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, "Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals," AASHTO Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures,1990. Jerry L. Graham and Douglas W. Harwood, "Effectiveness of Clear Recovery Zones," NCHRP Report 247, Transportation Research Board, 1982. H. E. Ross, Jr. et al., "Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features," NCHRP Report 350, Transportation Research Board, 1993. Jarvis D. Michie, "Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Appurtenances," NCHRP Report 230, Transportation Research Board, 1981. Maurice E. Bronstad and Jarvis D. Michie, "Recommended Procedures for Vehicle Crash Testing of Highway Appurtenances," NCHRP Report 153, Transportation Research Board, 1974. Jarvis D. Michie and L. R. Calcote, "Location, Selection, and Maintenance of Highway Guardrails and Median Barriers," NCHRP Report 54, Transportation Research Board, 1968. Robert M. Olson, Edward R. Post and William F. McFarland, "Tentative Service Requirements for Bridge Rail Systems," NCHRP Report 86, Transportation Research Board, 1970. John C. Glennon and Thomas N. Tamburri, "Objective Criteria for Guardrail Installation," Highway Research Record 174, Highway Research Board, 1967. H. E. Ross et. al., "Warrants for Guardrail on Embankments," Highway Research Record 460 , Highway Research Board, 1973. D. L. Sicking, A. B. Gereshy and H. E. Ross, Jr., "Development of Guardrail Extruder Terminal," Paper No. 880484, Texas Transportation Institute, 1989. Highway Research Board, "Highway Guardrail: Determination of Need and Geometric Requirement," Special Report 81, 1964. Federal Highway Administration, "A Handbook of Highway Safety Design and Operating Practices," 1968, 1973 and 1978. Federal Highway Administration, "Roadside Improvements for Local Roads and Streets," 1986. Federal Highway Administration, "Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Traffic Control and Roadway Elements," 1982, Vol. 1, Ch. 3. James F. Fitzpatrick, et. al., "The Law and Roadside Hazards," Michie Company, 1974. D. L. Ivey, M. E. Bronstad and L. I. Griffin III., "Guardrail End Treatments in the 1990s," Paper No. 920910, Texas Transportation Institute, 1992. Transportation Research Board, "Designing Safer Roads," Special Report 214, 1987. John C. Glennon, "A New Concept for Determining Guardrail Length of Need," www.crashforensics.com/papers.cfm?PaperID=5, October 2002. ROADWAY MAINTENANCE SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.R. A. Zimmer and D. L. Ivey, "The Influence of Roadway Surface Holes and the Potential for Vehicle Loss of Control," Research Report 328-2F, Texas Transportation Institute, 1983. Federal Highway Administration, "Traffic Control Devices Handbook," Federal Highway Administration, 1983, 2001. J. D. Migletz et. al., "Safety Restoration During Snow Removal: Guidelines," Federal Highway Administration, 1987. J. C. Wambold et al., "Roughness, Holes, and Bumps, The Influence of Roadway Surface Discontinuities on Safety: A State-of-the-Art Report," Transportation Research Board, 1984. J. Stannard Baker, "Traffic Accident Investigation Manual," 4th ed.,Traffic Institute, Northwestern University, 1975. R. H. Klein, W. A. Johnson and H. T. Szostak, "Influence of Roadway Disturbances on Vehicle Handling," National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1977. R. R. Blackburn et al., "Economic Evaluation of Ice and Frost on Bridge Decks," NCHRP Report 182, Transportation Research Board, 1978. Federal Highway Administration, "Maintenance and Highway Safety Handbook," 1977. Federal Highway Administration, "Vegetation Control for Safety," Report No.FHWA-RT-90-003, 1990. Federal Highway Administration, "W-Beam Guardrail Repair and Maintenance," Report No.FHWA-RT-90-001, 1990. John C. Glennon, "Effects of Pavement/Shoulder Drop-Offs on Highway Safety," Transportation Research Board, 1984. SKID RESISTANCE AND HYDROPLANING SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.John C. Glennon, Excerpts of Key Documents Related to Sik Resistance and Hydroplaning, Criterion Press, 2005. R. Scott Heubner, et. al., "Proposed Design Guidelines for Reducing Hydroplaning on New and Rehabilitated Pavements," National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Research Results Digest No.243, 1999. Ralph A. Moyer, "Skidding Characteristics of Automobile Tires on Roadway Surfaces and Their Relation to Highway Safety," Iowa State College, 1934. T. E. Shelburne and R. L. Sheppe, "Skid Resistance Measurements of Virginia Pavements," Report 5B, Highway Research Board, 1948. Virginia Council of Highway Investigation and Research, "Proceedings of the First International Skid Prevention Conference," 1959. L. L. Smith and S. L. Fuller, "Florida Skid Correlation Study of 1967: Skid Testing with Trailers," Special Technical Publication 456, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1969. Transportation Research Board, "Proceedings of the Second International Skid Prevention Conference," Transportation Research Records 621, 622, 623, and 624, 1976. H. W. Kummer, W. E. and Meyer, "Tentative Skid Resistance Requirements for Main Rural Highways," NCHRP Report 37, Highway Research Board, 1967. A. Taragin, "Driver Performance on Horizontal Curves," Highway Research Board Proceedings 33, 1954. C. G. Giles, "Some Recent Developments in Work on Skidding Problems at the Road Research Laboratory," Highway Research Record 46, 1964. John C. Glennon, "A Determination Framework for Wet Weather Speed Limits," Research Report 134-8, Texas Transportation Institute, 1971. John C. Glennon and G. D. Weaver, "The Relationship of Vehicle Paths to Highway Curve Design," Research Report 134-5, Texas Transportation Institute, 1971. G. D. Weaver and John C. Glennon, "Frictional Requirements for High-Speed Passing Maneuvers," Research Report 134-7, Texas Transportation Institute, 1971. John C. Glennon, "Evaluation of Stopping Sight Distance Design Criteria," Research Report 134-3, Texas Transportation Institute, 1969. American Society for Testing and Materials, "Skid Resistance of Paved Surface Using a Full Scale Tire," ASTM Method E-274, in Book of ASTM Standards, 1986. H. M. Dahir Sabir and W. L. Gramling, "Wet-Pavement Safety Programs," Transportation Research Board, NCHRP Synthesis 158, 1990. J. Barnett, "Safe Side Friction Factors and Superelevation Design", Highway Research Board Proceedings, 1936. D. L. Ivey et. al., "Texas Skid Initiated Accident Reduction Program," Research Report 910-1, Texas Transportation Institute, 1992. National Transportation Safety Board, "Safety Effectiveness Evaluation," Report NTSB-SEE-80-6, 1980. R. R. Blackburn et. al., "Effectiveness of Alternative Skid Reduction Measures," Report FHWA-RD-79-22, Federal Highway Administration, 1978. K. H. Schulze and L. Blackman, "Friction Properties of Pavements at Different Speeds," ASTM Special Technical Publication 326, 1962. W. B. Horne, "Tire Hydroplaning and Its Effects on Tire Traction", Highway Research Record 214, 1968. A. L. Browne, "Mathematical Analysis for Pneumatic Tire Hydroplaning," ASTM STP 583, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1975. W. B. Horne and U. T. Joyner, "Pneumatic Tire Hydroplaning and Some Effects on Vehicle Performance," SAE International Automotive Engineering Congress, January 1965. B. J. Albert and J. C. Walker, "Tire to Wet Road Friction at High Speeds, Proceedings, Institute of Mechanical Engineers 180(4), 1966. R. W. Yeager and J. L. Tuttle, "Testing and Analysis of Tire Hydroplaning," SAE Paper 720471, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1972. L. Mosher, "Results of Studies of Highway Grooving and Texturing by Several State Highway Departments," Conference on Pavement Grooving and Traction Studies, Paper 27, Langley Research Center, 1968. E. E. Farnsworth and M. H. Johnson, "Reduction of Wet Pavement Accidents on Los Angeles Metropolitan Freeways," California Division of Highways, 1971. A. J. Stocker, J. T. Dotson and D. L. Ivey, Automobile Tire Hydroplaning: A Study of Wheel Spin-Down and Other Variables, Research Report 147-3F, Texas Transportation Institute, 1974. B. M. Gallaway et al., "Pavement and Geometric Design Criteria for Minimizing Hydroplaning," Report No. FHWA-RD-79-31, Federal Highway Administration, 1979. H. Daughaday and C. Tung, "A Mathematical Analysis of the Hydroplaning Phenomena," Report No. AG-2495-1, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, 1969. C. S. Martin, "Hydrodynamics of Tire Hydroplaning," Final Report, Project B-608, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1966. A. Eshel, "A Study of Tires on a Wet Runway," Research Report 67-24, Ampex Corp., 1967. S. Tsakonas, C. J. Henry and W. R. Jacobs, "Hydrodynamics of Aircraft Tire Hydroplaning," Report CR-1125, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. R. J. Boness, "Automobile Engineer," Vol. 58 No.7, 1968. H. Bathelt, "Calculations of the Aquaplaning Behavior of Smooth and Profiled Tires," ATZ 75 10, 1973. G. G. Balmer and B. M. Gallaway, "Pavement Design and Controls for Minimizing Automotive Hydroplaning and Increasing Traction," ASTM STP 793, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1983. B. M. Gallaway and J. G. Rose, "The Effects of Rainfall Intensity, Pavement Cross Slope, Surface Texture, and Drainage Length on Pavement Water Depth," Research Report No. 138-5, Texas Transportation Institute, 1971. W. B. Horne, "Predicting the Minimum Dynamic Hydroplaning Speed for Aircraft, Bus, Truck, and Automobiles Tires Rolling on Flooded Pavements," ASTM Committee E-17, Texas Transportation Institute, 1984. D. L. Ivey, "Truck Tire Hydroplaning: Empirical Confirmation of Horne?s Thesis," Texas Transportation Institute, 1984. W. B. Horne, T. J. Yager and D. L. Ivey, "Recent Studies to Investigate Effects of Tire Footprint Aspect Ratio of Dynamic Hydroplaning Speed," ASTM STP 929, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1986. D. L. Ivey et. al., "Tractor Semi-Trailer Accidents in Wet Weather," Texas Transportation Institute, 1985. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, "Guidelines for Skid Resistant Pavement Design," 1976. Highway Research Board, Skid Resistance, NCHRP Synthesis 14, 1972. John C. Glennon, "Hydroplaning - The Trouble with Highway Cross Slope," www.crashforensics.com/papers.cfm?PaperID=8, January 2003. PAVEMENT EDGE DROP OFF SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.Criterion Press, "Excerpts of Key Documents Related to Pavement Edge Drop-Offs," 2000. D. L. Ivey and L. I. Griffin, "Driver/Vehicle Reaction to Road Surface Discontinuities and Failures," 16th Congress of the International Federation of the Societies of Automotive Engineers, Tokyo, Japan, 1976. E. F. Nordlin et al., "The Effect of Longitudinal Edge of Paved Surface Drop-off on Vehicle Stability," California Department of Transportation, 1976. R. H. Klein, W. A. Johnson and H. T. Szostak, "Influence of Road Disturbances on Vehicle Handling," National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1977. J. L. Graham and John C. Glennon,, "Work Zone Design Considerations for Truck Operations and Pavement/Shoulder Drop-Offs," Federal Highway Administration, 1984. R. A. Zimmer and D. L. Ivey, "Pavement Edges and Vehicle Stability: A Basis for Maintenance Guidelines," Texas Transportation Institute, 1982. R. R. McHenry and N. J. Deleys, "Automobile Dynamics: A Computer Simulation of Three Dimensional Motions for Use in Studies of Braking Systems and of the Driving Task," Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, 1970. P. L. Olson, R. A. Zimmer and V. Pezoldt, "Pavement Edge Drop," Transportation Research Board, 1986. D. L. Ivey and D. L. Sicking, "The Influence of Pavement Edge and Shoulder Characteristics on Vehicle Handling and Stability," Transportation Research Record 1084, 1986. D. L. Ivey et al., "Safety in Construction Zones Where Pavement Edges and Drop Offs Exist," Transportation Research Record 1163, 1988. J. B. Humphreys and J. A. Parham, "The Elimination or Mitigation of Hazards Associated with Pavement Edge Drop-Offs During Roadway Resurfacing," AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 1994. L. I. Griffin, "Accident Data Relationships, The Influence of Roadway Surface Discontinuities on Safety: A State-of-the-Art Report," Transportation Research Board, 1984. D. L. Ivey et al., "Pavement Edges, The Influence of Roadway Surface Discontinuities on Safety: A State-of-the-Art Report," Transportation Research Board, 1988. John C. Glennon, "Effect of Pavement/Shoulder Drop-Offs on Highway Safety: A Synthesis of Prior Research," Transportation Research Board,1985. Transportation Research Board, "Designing Safer Roads: Practices for Resurfacing, Restoration and Rehabilitation," Special Report 214, 1987. ROADWAY SIGHT DISTANCE SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.J. W. Hall and D. S. Turner, "Stopping Sight Distance: Can We See Where We Now Stand," Transportation Research Record 1208, 1989. A. H. Blanchard and H. B. Drowne, "Textbook on Highway Engineering," 1st ed., 1914. T. R. Agg, "Construction of Roads and Pavements," 1st ed., 1916. T. R. Agg, "Construction of Roads and Pavements," 3rd ed., 1924. H. L. Brightman, "Alignment and Grade as Affecting Location of the Modern Highway," Twelfth Annual Conference on Highway Engineering, University of Michigan, 1926. American Association of State Highway Officials, "Reports of Standing Committees before the American Association of State Highway Officials," 1931. C. C. Wiley, "Principles of Highway Engineering," 2nd ed., 1935. I. Gutman, "Engineering Sets High Mark on German Highways," Engineering News-Record, August 1936. C. N. Conner, "Design Trends to Correlation with Traffic Needs," Engineering News-Record, January 1937. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Public Roads, "Annual Report of Department of Agriculture,"1938. John C. Glennon, "Evaluation of Stopping Sight Distance Design Criteria," Texas Transportation Institute, Research Report No. 134-3, 1969. John C. Glennon, "Effect of Sight Distance on Highway Safety, A Synthesis of Prior Research," Transportation Research Board, 1987. P. L. Olson et. al., "Parameters Affecting Stopping Sight Distance," NCHRP Report 270, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1984. T. R. Neuman, John C. Glennon and J. E. Leisch, "Functional Analysis of Stopping Sight Distance Requirements," Transportation Research Record 923, 1984. John C. Glennon, "A Safety Evaluation of Current Design Criteria for Stopping Sight Distance," Highway Research Record 312, 1979. Transportation Research Board, "Highway Sight Distance Design Issues," Transportation Research Record 1208, 1989. G. J. Alexander, "Search and Perception-Reaction Time at Intersections and Railroad Grade Crossings," ITE Journal, 1989. John C. Glennon, Geometric Design: Sight Distance, The Traffic Safety Toolbox", Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1993. S. R. Kuciemba and J. A. Cirilo, "Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Features," Vol. 5: Intersections, 1992. J. M. Mason, K. Fitzpatrick and Douglas W. Harwood, "Intersection Sight Requirements for Large Trucks," Transportation Research Record 1208, 1989. John C. Glennon, "A New and Improved Model of Passing Sight Distance on Two-Lane Highways," Transportation Research Record 1195, 1988. Douglas W. Harwood and John C. Glennon, "Passing Sight Distance for Passenger Cars and Trucks," Transportation Research Record 1208, 1989. RAILROAD CROSSING SAFETY REFERENCES
John C. Glennon,"Roadway Safety and Tort Liability", Lawyer and Judges Publishing Co., 2004.Criterion Press, "Excerpts of Key Documents Related to Rail-Highway Crossing Safety," 2000. David W. Schoppert and Dan W. Hoyt, " Factors Influencing Safety at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings," 1968. Federal Railroad Administration, "Rail-Highway Crossing Accident/Incident and Inventory Bulletin," Annually. John C. Glennon and James R. Loumiet, "Low-Cost Safety Improvements at Rail-Highway Crossings," Criterion Press, 1992. National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances, "Uniform Vehicle Code and Model Traffic Ordinances," 2000. E. R. Russell, et al., "Compilation of State Laws and Regulations on Matters Affecting Rail-Highway Crossings," Report No. FHWA-TS-83-203, Federal Railroad Administration, 1983. Federal Railroad Administration, "Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings: A Guide to Crossing Consolidation and Closure," 1994. American Railway Engineering Association, "Manual for Railway Engineering", 1981. Federal Highway Administration, "Federal-Aid Highway Program Manual," updated periodically. W. J. Hedley, "Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Surfaces," Implementation Package 79-8, Federal Highway Administration, 1979. James R. Loumiet and William G. Jungbauer, "Train Accident Reconstruction and FELA & Railroad Litigation," 3rd ed., Lawyers & Judges Publishing, 1998. John C. Glennon, "Rail-Highway Grade Crossings," Accident Reconstruction Journal, July-August, 1997. John C. Glennon, and James R. Loumiet, "Estimating Train Speed from Braking Distance, Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers, December 1992. K. Fitzpatrick, J. M. Mason, Jr. and J. C. Glennon, "Sight Distance Requirements for Trucks at Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings," Transportation Research Record 1208, 1989. K. Knoblauch, W. Hucke and W. Berg, "Rail Highway Crossing Accident Causation Study," Federal Highway Administration, 1982. John C. Glennon, "Railroad Defense Definitions of Extra-Hazardous Grade Crossings /A Rebuttal," www.crashforensics.com/papers.cfm?PaperID=9, January 2003.  About the Author
Dr. John C. Glennon is a traffic engineer with over 45 years experience. He has over 120 publications. He is the author of the book "Roadway Safety and Tort Liability" and is frequently called to testify both about roadway defects and as a crash reconstructionist. RESUME OF JOHN C. GLENNON NOTICE: This copyrighted internet paper and our others, which can be accessed below, are considered dynamic entities that may be updated or expanded at any time. If you have a critique, comments, additional information, or would like to see additional material in the paper, please email us at contactus@crashforensics.com. john c. glennon, Book , books,pavement edge drop expert, pavement edge drop off expert, work zone safety expert, construction zone safety expert, roadway hydroplning expert, traffic engineering expert, traffic sign expert, traffic signal expert, pavement marking expert, highway safety expert |
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